News
Federal revenue agencies face shake-up as Tinubu signs tax bills
President Bola Tinubu on Thursday signed into law four tax reform bills, declaring that it signals Nigeria’s readiness for modern economic growth and international investment.
Following Tinubu’s assent to four tax reform bills, key revenue-generating agencies, including the Nigeria Customs Service, Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, and several federal ministries and agencies, may lose their tax collection mandates.
The development, which establishes the Nigeria Revenue Service as the sole body responsible for collecting federally chargeable taxes, is expected to trigger major restructuring across the federal revenue architecture.
“We have opened the door for new economic and business opportunities. We are showing that Nigeria is truly ready and open for business. Easy in, easy out,” said Tinubu at the signing ceremony held at the State House in Abuja.
The President acknowledged the complexities involved in tax reforms but praised stakeholders for demonstrating leadership and courage through the process.
Commending the collaborative effort behind the legislative process, he added, “What you have provided is leadership and courage in the face of mounting dispute. Nowhere in the world will tax reforms be any easier.”
According to him, the signing marks a turning point in the nation’s fiscal direction: “We are in transit. We have changed the rule. We have changed some of the misgivings. The question of our tax-to-GDP and all other formulas will be obsolete,” he said.
Thursday’s signing comes nearly two years after President Tinubu, on July 7, 2023, approved the establishment of a Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms.
He appointed Mr Taiwo Oyedele, a Fiscal Policy Partner and Africa Tax Leader at PriceWaterhouseCoopers, as committee chairman. It came hours after he signed four Executive Orders, suspending the five per cent excise tax on telecommunication services and the excise duty escalation on locally manufactured vehicles.
The committee, inaugurated on August 8, 2023, comprised experts from both the private and public sectors. It was mandated to retrofit various aspects of tax law reform, fiscal policy design and coordination, harmonisation of taxes, and revenue administration.
On October 24, 2023, Oyedele presented a 30-day quick-wins report to President Tinubu, recommending the merger of over 200 taxes paid by Nigerian businesses into 10. In the months that followed, the committee undertook extensive engagements with stakeholders, culminating in the tax bills presented to the National Assembly in late 2024.
However, the bills faced resistance at the National Assembly and among some state governors, who rejected their passage. The Comptroller-General of the Nigeria Customs Service, Bashir Adeniyi, earlier said that the proposed tax reform bills are in jurisdictional conflict with the NCS and threaten the agency’s existence.
At the NASS, the bills sparked heated debate, particularly around the revenue-sharing structure, which governors from the North opposed. They warned that a shift toward derivation-based allocations, especially with VAT, could tilt fiscal balance in favour of southern states with stronger consumption bases.
After prolonged dialogue, the VAT rate remained at 7.5 per cent, and a new exemption was introduced to shield minimum wage earners from personal income tax. By May 2025, the National Assembly passed the harmonised versions with broad support, driven in part by pressure from economic stakeholders and international observers who welcomed the clarity and efficiency the reforms promised.
The four bills include the Nigeria Tax Bill (Fair Taxation), Nigeria Tax Administration Bill, Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Bill, and the Joint Revenue Board (Establishment) Bill.
According to the President, “They will unify our fragmented tax system, eliminate wasteful duplications, cut red tape, restore investor confidence, and entrench transparency and coordination at every level.”
Tinubu added that the long-standing burden of Nigeria’s tax structure had unfairly weighed down the vulnerable while enabling inefficiency. Tinubu emphasised that the signing marks the beginning of Nigeria’s tax evolution.
Meanwhile, the Executive Chairman of the National Revenue Service (formerly the Federal Inland Revenue Service), Zacch Adedeji, has announced that the newly signed tax reform bills will take effect on January 1, 2026.
Adedeji, who briefed State House correspondents after Tinubu signed the four tax bills into law, said this would give the administration six months for planning, education, and alignment with the fiscal calendar.
He explained, “Based on best practices globally, because when you have this kind of change, it takes time for all the stakeholders, participant operators, and even the regulator to change the system. So with the magnanimity of the National Assembly, Mr. President, the effective date will be January 1, 2026, by the special grace of Almighty God.”
Adedeji stressed the importance of launching the reforms at the start of a new calendar year, saying, “When you have this kind of change, it’s not what you do mid-year. Because if the application of the law is better, you start from the beginning of the year.
“So effective dates, by God’s grace, will be first of January 2026,” he added. This timeline, the revenue chief explained, allows for adequate sensitisation, planning, and harmonisation with government budgeting frameworks.
For his part, the Chairman of the Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee, Taiwo Oyedele, described the newly signed tax laws as “pro-poor,” saying they will ease the burden on low-income earners, small business owners, and everyday Nigerians.
He said, “More than 1/3 of workers in both the private and public sectors will now be exempted completely from PAYE. They will not have to pay personal income tax. Small businesses, over 90 per cent of small and micro, nano businesses, we no longer have to worry about paying corporate income tax or charging VAT or even deducting withholding tax or paying PAYE for their employees.”
Oyedele added that the reforms will leave “more money in the hands of the ordinary Nigerian to take care of their daily needs,” and announced a new zero‑rate VAT framework on essential items.
“Any traces of VAT in food, in education, in medical and health care are now removed completely, so we should see prices of those items come down,” Oyedele explained.
He also emphasised relief for sectors where households spend most, clarifying that “transportation, accommodation and housing is exempt from VAT… collectively account for more than 80 per cent of where Nigerians spend their money. That’s a huge relief for them.”
Appearing as a guest on Channels Television Politics Today programme on Thursday, Oyedele explained that the current system of revenue was opaque, noting that the new system, operated by the Nigerian Revenue Service will require the government to be more transparent and transparent.
“The current system is opaque. And usually, if you’re hiding stuff from me, I need to be suspicious of you. It’s hard to trust you if you’re not open and transparent. That’s exactly what we have today in Nigeria. So, these new laws require that government should be more transparent. There are requirements around the standard of reporting, the timeliness of those reporting, and making them accessible to the public, by the agencies like the Nigerian Revenue Service.
“(We’re changing) from FIRS to NRS, Nigerian Revenue Service. And that Nigerian Revenue Service will then work in collaboration with subnationals,” he said. The chairman explained that the NRS will operate a digitised system that will collect data like National Identity Numbers, phone numbers, and bank information, to prevent tax evasion by high-income individuals.
Oyedele emphasised that the new tax reform bills were designed with three principal objectives in mind, including ensuring that they were people-centric, efficiency-driven, and growth-focused.
Highlighting where revenue would come from, Oyedele said, “Two places where money would come from are tax evasion. We estimate that the tax gap, which is how much we are collecting and how much we could be collecting, is in the region of 70 per cent, so we are only collecting 30 per cent. We want to close that gap. Imagine if we just close it by another 30 per cent, that is double what we collect now.
“Number two is that we have lots of wasteful incentives. They are not just wasteful, they are also distortionary, so we lose money and create problems for the economy. So, we fixed that as well, so that’s money coming to the government without raising the tax on the people. Then there is the one to do with just ensuring that government resources are more effectively utilised. These areas combined will be where we will initially make money from.
“Ultimately, the money will come from the economy growing. If we get 10 per cent of $200bn, it is more than 100 per cent of one billion. That is where the money is coming from. It is not about going to the person who is trying to survive and asking them to give; they have nothing more to give.”
The Chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance, Senator Sani Musa, stated that the newly signed tax reform laws reflect the true aspirations of Nigerians and are the product of broad consultations, especially with stakeholders who initially opposed the reforms.
Addressing journalists at the signing, Musa acknowledged the initial public backlash—particularly from the northern—but said the National Assembly approached the task with balance and diligence.
He added, “With the consultations and the painstaking nature of the legislative processes that we’ve taken, I believe we are bringing out, we brought out bills that seek the aspirations of Nigerians.
“And what are those aspirations, just as has been highlighted by the Chairman of the Presidential Task Force, we consider the less privileged in terms of earnings, and see that we don’t add burdens on them.”
The senator noted that one of the significant breakthroughs of the legislative process was the harmonisation of Nigeria’s fragmented and duplicative tax system.
He said the review also extended to vital sectors such as oil and gas and the Export Processing Zones, ensuring the laws supported industrial growth and competitiveness.
Chairman of the House Committee on Finance, Hon. James Faleke, described the passage of the bills as a once “mission impossible” task made successful through national cooperation.
Faleke commended the efforts of lawmakers, governors, and the Nigerian public for what he called a united effort to overhaul the country’s tax regime. He emphasised that the reforms do not introduce new tax burdens but rather expand the efficiency of collection and plug leakages.
The Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association on Thursday lauded President Bola Tinubu’s assent to four major tax reform bills, describing it as a significant step towards ending over 10 years of crippling multiple taxation on businesses in Nigeria.
Speaking on the sidelines of the 4th Employers Summit in Abuja, NECA’s Director-General, Adewale-Smatt Oyerinde, said the legislation, which harmonises taxes, levies and fees across all levels of government, was a long-awaited relief for the Organised Private Sector.
“Our immediate reaction is ‘uhuru’, we thank God because we have canvassed this for a long time,” Smatt-Oyerinde told journalists. “The challenges of multiplicity of taxes, levies and fees have been a major issue for the Organised Private Sector for over 10 years.”
The NECA boss noted that while the assent marks a major milestone, the true test lies in effective implementation. “The main work is implementation, and it will come with its own challenges that we are not all aware of right now,” he said. “But we’re happy that he has signed it. The reality for organised businesses in the context of harmonised taxes, levies and fees has begun.”
Smatt-Oyerinde stressed that the issue was not only about tax rates but also the chaotic and inefficient method of collection that had long discouraged business growth.
“The efficiency of tax collection has been a recurring concern for every rational stakeholder. That was why we supported the establishment of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, which did a very humane and consultative job with the bill,” he explained.
He added that the bills are interconnected and were designed to stimulate growth across all levels of the economy, from micro, small and medium enterprises to large corporations.
“You don’t grow from the top. You grow by promoting businesses. Some parts of the reform affect MSMEs, others SMEs, big businesses, and individuals. It’s a chain reaction that we believe will catalyse the entire economy,” he added.
NECA President, Dr Ifeanyi Okoye, in his remarks, echoed similar sentiments, stressing that the reforms must not end with legislation but must lead to practical improvements for Nigerian businesses.
“For over six years, NECA has remained committed to promoting a stable, predictable, and enabling policy environment where all businesses, regardless of sector or size, can thrive,” Okoye said.
He challenged the federal government to show commitment to implementing actionable outcomes from the summit, warning against treating the platform as “another talk shop.”
“This must be a catalyst for the policy coherence and reform implementation that businesses, and indeed, the country urgently need,” he said.
Smatt-Oyerinde further disclosed that NECA had worked closely with the Presidential Committee throughout the drafting of the tax bills and would remain actively engaged with the Federal Inland Revenue Service, the lead agency for implementation.
“We are ready to deepen our collaboration with FIRS to ensure that these reforms work in practice, not just on paper,” he said.
Following the signing of four major tax reform bills by President Bola Tinubu on Thursday, the Special Adviser to the President on Energy, Olu Verheijen, has revealed that the new laws have codified four key executive orders aimed at stimulating investment in Nigeria’s oil, gas, and clean energy sectors.
She said the act has already helped unlock over $6 billion in fresh investments into Nigeria’s oil and gas industry.
Reacting in a post on her official X (formerly Twitter) handle shortly after the presidential announcement, Verheijen described the signing as a “historic moment” and a clear demonstration of the administration’s commitment to driving energy sector reforms through long-term policy clarity.
She explained that the act enshrines into law Presidential Directive 40 and three other key executive instruments. Among the codified executive orders are: Presidential Directive 40: A framework for fiscal incentives targeting upstream, midstream gas, and deep offshore oil projects.
“The 2024 VAT Modification Order: This grants value-added tax exemptions for Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and other clean energy products.
“The 2025 Upstream Petroleum Cost Efficiency Order: Designed to reduce operational overheads in the upstream oil sector. Other incentive orders focused on energy transition and infrastructure localisation.
“These reforms have already helped unlock over $6bn in new Oil & Gas investments. With their codification, the administration has delivered long-term certainty and regulatory clarity, ensuring these critical incentives are protected from future policy reversals,” Verheijen stated.
She praised the development as a strategic win for the public and private sectors, stressing that the energy industry now has a legal framework that assures investors of continuity regardless of future political changes.
News
South-East Development at Risk? Fresh Allegations Shake SEDC Leadership
The Abia State’s “Senior man” is leg-deep into a messy murky-water fight with the SEDC, I learnt. The crux of the squabble is saddening.
While Senator Orji Uzor Kalu wants a huge bite from a crumb-pie federal allocation the SEDC barely gets to fund its activities, the commission’s management is refusing to open its vault. For this, a fatal crisis brews.
I dug deeply to uncover the hidden cracks, which neither Orji Uzor Kalu nor the SEDC wants visible to the public.
A Thread.
When the Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, announced the 10-Man Senate Committee to oversee the activities of the South East Development Commission (SEDC) and made Orji Uzor Kalu its Chairman, many South Easterners, like myself, were underwhelmed.
“How can a man who was once convicted of funds embezzlement and wanton corruption lead a committee that will conduct a transparent oversight function on the SEDC?” I questioned. The logic was vague.
Today, those silent doubts have been proven valid. The Abia state “senior man” in kleptocracy is showing off his true colours and they read red for the SEDC, the region’s “child” development initiative that should rather enjoy the support of every stakeholder from the region.
Before we get into unraveling the ridiculous “settlement” demands of OUK and the impending showdown, let’s take a look at the SEDC’s activities so far.
On February 12th, 2025, the SEDC Management Team, Governing Board, and Senate Committee were inaugurated. Tinubu’s government announced a N140 billion yearly allocation for the commission and directed its Management to draft its budget around the figure.
The Commission did as directed, drafted a N120 billion budget. But for its vision for the South East development, it included more critical infrastructures in the budget. This shot the budget to N250 billion.
In its revenue mapping, it factored in raising the N110 billion shortfall internally – all by itself. This didn’t pose a problem. The government approved the budget. Allocations will come in monthly, in a tranche of N10 billion each month.
Unsurprisingly, the Commission didn’t get any budgetary allocation throughout 2025. In these months of financial drought and zero cash inflow, everywhere was quiet. Senator Orji Uzor and his committee members didn’t see a need to exercise oversight on the Commission’s activities.
But in December 2025, the government released a N5 billion take-off grant to the Commission. For context, a take-off grant is a mobilization fund. The commission is expected to use it to acquire and renovate office spaces, pay salary arrears for its staff, and cover other expenses it may have incurred throughout its 9 months of takeoff.
As soon as the funds arrived, the bees gathered to perch on the honeycomb. But with the honey sealed, the parasitic bees are piping to sting on the host with such a rude sense of entitlement. This is the crux of the matter.
I learnt the SEDC Management had yet to map out the expenditure for the takeoff grant when the “arrogant racketeers” came banging at the door for a fat share, with their greedy potbellies. I tried to obtain details but the SEDC declined. I assume they fear Orji Uzor Kalu’s brutish wrath.
Senator Orji Uzor Kalu and his fellows want about 35% cut from the N5 billion takeoff grant, and also for subsequent allocations that the commission gets. How much more ridiculous can it get?
On what grounds does the so-called Senate Committee demand about 35% of the takeoff grant and subsequent allocations? Is the SEDC their private ventures? How more gluttonous can their kleptocratic deep pockets be?
The SEDC Management declined. And it is sticking with its “no” with vehement insistence. This set the tone for the fight which has now spiraled to a destructive dimension. In fact, it threatens the existence of the commission.
This year, the Commission has only received N1.8 billion twice, in January and February. The rest of the months so far, it has gone without allocation. I learnt that the Venture Capital Competition it recently hosted, which funded 25 startups and existing businesses from South Easterners, was financed largely by private investors – which the commissioned sourced.
Yet, Orji Uzor Kalu and fellow money-mongers want a bite from the fragmented pie.
Recall that earlier in February this year, the Senate Committee, through Senator OUK, issued a “stern warning” to the commission over “the management of N250 billion takeoff grant.” It was because the Commission refused to hand them about 35% cut from the N5 billion. They lied that it was N250 billion.
Is the Senate Committee backing down yet? Never. They have summoned the Commission to appear before them on June 9th, tomorrow. They cannot understand stubborn Will and resolve of the SEDC Management Team to resist their insidious interference and mute their atrocious kleptocratic taste.
They now want to carry out a comprehensive probe into the SEDC activities. The Commission must provide details of all projects, programmes, interventions, and contracts it has executed so far, including their locations, costs, procurement processes, and implementation status.
Wouldn’t this have earned a reputable applause had the Senate Committee not been driven by a heinous greed and sought to choke a Southeast’s only Development Initiative to termination?
Isn’t it time for the leaders and stakeholders from the South East to stand up to Orji Uzor Kalu and his colleagues in the SEDC Senate Committee to quit this scandalous meddlesomeness and allow the Commission to do its job?
Beyond the oversight function of monitoring and probing the activities of the Commission to ensure that it runs efficiently and effectively, and that it is transparent and accountable in all its dealings, the Senate Committee has no other business but to focus on its lawmaking duties. It should remain at this!
News
Anambra Govt urged to Stop Salary Deductions As Head Of Service Shuns Newsmen
By Okey Maduforo, Awka
The Anambra State chapter of the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) has called on the state government to suspend further salary deductions affecting workers pending the conclusion of investigations by a committee set up to address the issue.
For the past three months, workers in the state have complained about unexplained deductions from their monthly salaries, describing the development as unacceptable. Many affected workers insist that even those who report to work regularly and punctually have had portions of their salaries deducted.
Some workers have accused the state government of implementing punitive measures linked to the prolonged Monday sit-at-home order previously enforced by the separatist group, the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), which kept many workers away from their duties for several years.
Speaking with journalists, the Anambra State NLC Chairman, Comrade Humphrey Nwafor, disclosed that the issue was raised during the 2026 Workers’ Day celebration, prompting Governor Charles Soludo to establish a committee to investigate the allegations.
According to Nwafor, the committee comprises the NLC Chairman, the Trade Union Congress (TUC) Chairman, the Commissioner for Finance, and the Head of Service.
He explained that during the committee’s meeting last week, members resolved that salary deductions should be suspended pending the submission of the committee’s final report. The responsibility of addressing the issue in the interim was assigned to the Commissioner for Finance and the Head of Service.
“We met last week and resolved that those deductions should be put on hold for now while the Commissioner for Finance and the Head of Service manage the situation. Organized Labour has agreed to stay action while the government looks into the matter,” Nwafor said.
Efforts to obtain comments from the Head of Service, Barrister Ngozi Anuli-Iwuono, were unsuccessful. When contacted, she expressed frustration over frequent calls from journalists and declined to comment on the matter.
This reporter had earlier contacted her on Monday, when she explained that she was attending an Executive Council meeting and could not immediately respond. However, when contacted again on Tuesday, June 9, at about 1:25 p.m., she stated that she was in another meeting.
“I am in another meeting. Why are journalists calling me every time? Last time it was Tribune, today it is Telegraph. Please, you people should stop calling me,” she said.
Meanwhile, the Commissioner for Information, Dr. Law Mefor, assured workers that the matter was receiving attention and revealed that some affected employees had already started receiving the balance of their deducted salaries.
Mefor explained that most of the affected workers were stationed outside the state headquarters. He noted that the Ministry of Finance relies on attendance records submitted by various departments and unit heads to determine salary payments.
“It is based on the information available to the Ministry of Finance regarding those who reported for duty through the attendance clock-in system. This issue mainly affects workers in outstations and not those at the headquarters,” he said.
“People have started receiving their full salaries, and many of those who failed to clock in were affected. This is already being verified.”
Using the Ministry of Information as an example, Mefor said the ministry has about 185 workers, the majority of whom serve as Information Officers across local government areas. He added that evidence of their attendance was submitted to the Ministry of Finance to facilitate payment.
“Here in the Ministry of Information, we have about 185 workers, most of whom are posted to local government areas. We provided evidence of their attendance to the Ministry of Finance, and necessary adjustments are being made,” he stated.
News
Three Dead as Warri-Itakpe Train Derails in Delta, NRC Confirms
The Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) has confirmed the death of three persons following the derailment of the Warri-Itakpe train in Agbor, Delta State.
The corporation disclosed that four coaches left the rail track during the incident, which occurred on Monday, June 8, 2026.
In a statement, the Managing Director of the NRC, Dr. Kayode Opeifa, said emergency response teams and other relevant authorities were immediately mobilised to the scene to manage the situation and provide assistance to affected passengers.
“The Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) has confirmed a serious train accident involving the Warri-Itakpe Train Service (WITS) corridor at Agbor, Delta State,” the statement said.
According to Opeifa, rescue and emergency response operations were activated immediately after the accident, and all passengers on board have since been accounted for.
“Sadly, three fatalities have been confirmed at this time,” he stated.
He added that relevant authorities are continuing to assess the full circumstances surrounding the incident, while support is being provided to injured and affected passengers.
“Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims, their families, and loved ones during this difficult time,” Opeifa said.
The NRC urged members of the public to rely only on verified information and official updates from the corporation as investigations into the cause of the derailment continue.
News
Newlywed Woman Disappears After Discovering Husband Had Two Children
A newly married Nigerian woman who was recently declared missing by her family in Abuja has reportedly left her matrimonial home after discovering that her husband allegedly had two children with different women.
The woman, from Mbabum Community in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue State, had been the subject of a public appeal by her family, who sought assistance in locating her after she allegedly left her husband’s residence in Abuja.
According to a statement attributed to a family representative, Hon. Goshi Peter, the woman married Goshi Bem in March 2026 but left her matrimonial home about two weeks ago and had not returned.
However, in an update shared on Saturday, June 6, 2026, a Facebook user, Tyom Alexander, claimed she had spoken with the woman by phone.
According to Alexander, the woman said she left her husband’s home after discovering that he had two children from different women, information she alleged was not disclosed to her before their marriage.
“I have been able to speak with this woman through the phone number provided by the whistleblower,” Alexander wrote.
“She said her husband didn’t tell her that he had children before their marriage. She only discovered this after they relocated to Abuja.
“The first child is five years old, while the second child is two years old, both from different mothers.”
Alexander further claimed that the woman stated she was safe and still in Abuja, and reportedly warned her husband not to bother searching for her.
“According to her, the man should not bother looking for her as she is doing fine in Abuja,” Alexander added.
“If this is true, then the man has disappointed me. I wait to hear the man’s side of the story.”
As of the time of filing this report, the husband’s response to the allegations had not been made public.
News
Consultant Laments Fate Of 200,000 kms Of Nigerian Roads
By Okey Maduforo Awka
The fate of Nigerian roads especially the highways appears to be under threat of this year’s rainy season following fears by professionals that the over 200,000 kilometers of roads may collapse by the end of the year .
Deepening this apprehension is the lack of maintenance of those roads which have yearly carried loafs above it’s capacity occasioned by heavy duty trucks and tankers .
Expressing these fears , Consultant Engineer to the Federal government Patience Aningo noted that if urgent steps are not taken this year’s rainy season would spell doom for motorists and other road users across the country.
“Without consistent enforcement of axle load limits, and steady maintenance of our federal highways there strong indications that the country is at the risk of loosing over 200,000 kilometers of roads ”
“Roads require precision from proper compaction to correct layer thickness”
“By then, what could have been addressed with minor engineering challenges would become a huge cost of maintenance”
“The frustrations lies a deeper issue and the persistent failure of roads that should last far longer is compromised by laxity on the part of the authorities concerned”
“The outcomes are sometimes undermined by weak supervision, inconsistent material quality, and cost”
She observed that poor drainage system has also been the bane of the Federal roads in the country.
“Nigeria has one of the largest road networks in Africa estimated at over 200,000 kilometers yet a
One major factor is inadequate drainage”
“Roads are not just paved surfaces; they are engineered drainage
systems, sealing cracks, and timely patching remains underutilized, despite its proven
underlying soil, and accelerates structural deterioration”
“In a country with intense seasonal rainfall, neglecting drainage is one
of the fastest ways to shorten a road’s lifespan.’
“Regulations must be enforced consistently to protect infrastructure investments”
“Similarly, the Abuja–Kaduna Highway remains a critical but vulnerable route, where
pavement distress and operational challenges continue to highlight the strain placed on key compromise
during construction directly reduces durability and increases long-term costs”
“Drainage must be treated as a core design element, not an afterthought which affects Axle load against
what they were originally designed for”
“Heavy-duty trucks often overloaded introduce stresses that affect the roads ”
“Many Nigerian roads now carry traffic volumes and axle loads far beyond routes in the country
and despite ongoing reconstruction efforts, sections have deteriorated quickly ”
“When water is not properly managed, it penetrates the pavement layers, weakens the
This pattern is evident on major corridors such as the Lagos–Ibadan Expressway, one of the busiest in the country “she stated.
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