Economy
New naira: CBN insists on Jan 31, Buhari snubs govs, monarchs
The President, Major General Muhammadu Buhari (retd.), on Saturday, reiterated his earlier position that there was no going back on the naira redesign project and ruled out the extension of the January 31 deadline for the old N1,000, N500 and N200 to cease from being legal tender.
The President’s position was supported by the Central Bank of Nigeria, which insisted that the deadline would not be extended.
This is coming at a time when stakeholders, including the 36 state governors, the Nigerian Bar Association, the Arewa Consultative Forum and bank customers, are calling for a review of the policy and an extension of the deadline.
Buhari explained that the currency redesign was not meant to target innocent citizens, but corrupt people and terror financiers hoarding illicit funds.
He also assured Nigerians that the government would ensure that they and their businesses would face no harm from disruptions caused to the entire supply chain arising from the currency redesign.
A statement on Saturday by the President’s Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu, said Buhari was reacting to reports of long queues of people waiting for hours for their turn to deposit old notes and get new ones.
The statement was titled, ‘Government will eliminate squeeze, chaos in currency swap, President Buhari assures’.
Buhari reiterated that the currency change was aimed at people hoarding illicit funds and not the common man.
He said the changes had become necessary to prevent counterfeits, corruption and terrorist funding as well as to stabilise and strengthen the economy.
The statement read in part, “While taking note that the poorest section of society is facing hardship as they often keep hard cash at home for various expenses, President Buhari gave strong assurances that the government would not leave them to their own fate.
“He reiterated that a number of initiatives by the central bank and all commercial banks are underway to speed up distribution of the new notes and do all that is necessary to forestall cash squeeze and chaos.”
The President’s explanation may have been in reaction to the position of the All Progressives Congress presidential candidate, Bola Tinubu, who last Wednesday alleged that the currency change and the lingering fuel scarcity were parts of plans to sabotage the February election and prevent his imminent victory.
Similarly, the CBN, on Saturday, insisted that the January 31 deadline for the validity of the old naira notes remained unchanged.
Refusing to yield to pressure to extend the deadline, the apex bank, via its verified Twitter handle, insisted that the deadline was sacrosanct.
Reposting a video of the CBN Governor, Godwin Emefiele, from the just concluded Monetary Policy Committee meeting, the apex bank said, “Deadline for the return of old series of 200, 500 and 1000 naira notes remains January 31, 2023.”
Emefiele had said after the MPC meeting, “Unfortunately, I don’t have good news for those who feel we should shift the deadline; my apologies.
“The reason is because, just like the President has said on more than two occasions and even to some people privately, 100 days is more than enough for anybody who has the old currency to deposit it in the banks. And we took every measure to ensure that all the banks were and are still open to accept deposits.”
Echoing the President’s position, the CBN explained that the redesigned notes would solve the challenge of insecurity, especially kidnapping in the North-West.
The Director of Development Finance at the apex bank, Philip Yila, who was represented by Aliyu Ashiru, in Gombe State, explained that the policy would ensure sanity in the system.
The CBN team had before swapping old notes for residents visited traditional rulers of Lamido Akko in the Akko Local Government Area of the state, Umar Atiku; Mai Banganje; and the District Head of Tanglan in the Billiri Local Government Area.
“One of the benefits of redesigned notes by the Central Bank of Nigeria is to ensure integrity. We realised that overtime, there had been challenges in our cash management; a lot of challenges of insecurity border on people who hold money, people who kidnap and seek ransom from the people; enforcing the cashless policy will make it difficult for kidnappers to seek ransom, especially in North-West,” Yila said.
He noted that the bank thought it wise to set up high-powered teams across the federation to sensitise the public to the naira redesign policy.
The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, Atiku Abubakar, however, pleaded with the CBN to extend the deadline, saying as much as the policy was welcomed; a slight extension would ease the discomfort of Nigerians
The Senate and the House of Representatives had also pleaded with the apex bank to extend the deadline by six months till July 31, 2023.
‘Buhari snubbed govs’
In Kano State, Governor Abdullahi Ganduje, revealed that the President, Major General Muhammadu Buhari (retd.), rejected the plea of the 36 state governors to review the naira redesign policy, especially the extension of the January 31 deadlines for the old notes to cease being legal tender.
Ganduje made this known during an interactive session with scholars, legislators, political leaders and the business community in the state at the Government House, Kano, on Friday.
The governor said he and his colleagues came under one platform without consideration for party affiliation and sent delegates to Buhari to let him know about the hardship caused by the new policy.
“Governors from all the political parties put heads together and sent delegates (to the President), but to no avail. Traditional rulers also followed the same path individually. But up till now, there is nothing in that respect,” he added.
He also stated that he had written to the Presidency to postpone Buhari’s visit to inaugurate some projects in the state because of possible backlash from frustrated residents, who were unable to get the new naira notes.
This was contained in a statement by the Chief Press Secretary to the Governor, Abba Anwar, which was made available to Sunday PUNCH on Saturday.
The statement read in part, “As we are waiting for this important visit, we found ourselves in this situation, which puts citizens in untold hardship. For security purposes, we wrote to the Presidency that President Muhammadu Buhari’s visit to Kano be postponed.
“We got an acknowledgement copy of the letter. People are really suffering because of this policy (naira redesign).”
During the meeting, the stakeholders unanimously endorsed the decision as they all spoke in support of it.
Two serving senators on the platform of the ruling All Progressives Congress, Kabiru Gaya and Barau Jibrin, as well as 20 members of House of Representatives and 30 legislators from the state House of Assembly were among those who queued behind the governor on the decision to postpone Buhari’s visit.
“There are no banks in most of our rural communities. How these people get new naira notes is of great concern. Just look at what is happening in our urban areas, people go and spend hours upon hours in banks without any assurances of getting the new notes,” Ganduje stated.
He emphasized that Kano, being a commercial hub, must be heard loudly, adding, “This problem affects all of us. Therefore, our voice must be heard in all the nooks and crannies. We are a commercial hub. As such, our position must be loud and clear.”
A source close to the governors confirmed that indeed a delegation of the governors met with Buhari, but added that the President’s mind was already made up on the issue. He, however, declined to name the governors who made the trip to the President.
By Francis Onoh
It is the right of every Nigerian to be financially included in the system. Data from the country’s foremost financial institution, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the organisation Enhancing Financial Innovation and Access show that approximately 40% of Nigerians adults are financially excluded.
Attaining the 3.4% projected growth in the economy’s GDP will be difficult if not impossible, if the petty traders, the local skill workers and the roadside sellers are excluded from financial services and products that can aid their businesses. Enhancing financial inclusion for economic growth requires that financial literacy be extended and incorporated into the activities of organisations that work at the grassroots, for example, religious institutions.
Although with low levels of literacy, Emeka, Haruna or Bankole as devoted adherents of their various religions, are more likely to understands that their money is secure in the financial sector, that products such as pension plan, health insurance schemes and access to credit are available for citizens who are financially included, if and only if leaders of their religion introduce financial literacy to them. Combining their obligation to teach articles of their faith with introducing their members to financial literacy is one way to go if our country has to remedy the financial exclusion created by poverty and limited access to formal education.From the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, the dimensions of poverty are Health, Education and Standard of Living.
Access to financial services can encourage people to enrol in a health insurance scheme to ensure good health within a manageable expenditure. A financially included person will have formal or informal education by association, which will invariably improve the living standard.
A financially included person is more likely to increase their business share if they access credit facilities in the financial sector and stand a better chance to benefit from government poverty alleviation programmes or even access funds from international development.
Making about 40% of Nigerian adults, which is about 35 million people, financially included will enhance capital formation assets, improve citizens’ disposable income, grow the nation’s financial sector and in extension catalyse industrialisation, which the country direly needs at this time. Financial inclusion for all is a necessary good that should be pursued by the Nigerian government at all levels, and stakeholders, such as religious leaders, must be made aware of their obligation in this space.
The time to do this is now.
Francis Onoh writes from Enugu
The Bank gave this warning on Monday during the public presentation of its latest Nigeria Development Update report titled ‘Building Momentum for Inclusive Growth’ in Abuja.
President Bola Tinubu signed the 2025 Appropriation Act into law, approving a record budget of N54.99tn, the highest in Nigeria’s history.
The budget was raised from the initial proposal of N49.7tn submitted to the National Assembly.
The fiscal plan makes provisions for N13.64tn in recurrent expenditure, N23.96tn for capital projects, N14.32tn for debt servicing, and N3.65tn for statutory transfers, while projecting a deficit of N13.08tn, to be financed through domestic and external borrowing.
The budget assumptions include a crude oil benchmark of $75 per barrel, oil production at 2.06 million barrels per day, an average exchange rate of N1,400/$, and an inflation target of 15 per cent.
Speaking at the event, the World Bank’s Lead Economist for Nigeria, Mr Alex Sienaert, said that despite strong revenue gains recorded in 2024, Nigeria’s 2025 budget assumptions remain optimistic and may prove difficult to meet.
He said, “It’s a very ambitious budget. Even with the very positive revenue sort of tailwind that we have… even considering that, it looks like it’s going to be pretty hard to meet some of the ambitious revenue targets that are in there.”
According to him, key assumptions such as average daily crude oil production of 2.1 million barrels per day and a benchmark oil price of $75 per barrel are unlikely to hold, noting that current production figures are closer to 1.6 million barrels per day.
He also cited uncertainty over how much revenue would flow from the removal of the petrol subsidy and the planned windfall tax on foreign exchange gains, saying these could weaken the Federal Government’s revenue position.
“This is important because if it does turn out that the revenue targets are not met, then that could mean that the financing requirements are more than budgeted. And if the financing requirements exceed what’s budgeted, then that’s either going to create arrears pressures… or it could renew risks of recourse to things like deficit monetisation under large-scale Ways and Means,” he said.
Sienaert warned that although Nigerian authorities had pledged not to resort to the CBN’s overdraft facility, doing so again could derail the country’s fragile macroeconomic recovery.
“The authorities have been very clear that they will by no means be going back to large-scale use of Ways and Means, but were that to happen, it would be just extremely disruptive to the whole rebuilding of confidence in fiscal sustainability and in the naira ultimately,” he noted.
On broader fiscal matters, the World Bank called on the Federal Government to eliminate the electricity subsidy, which it described as a “wasteful, regressive subsidy.”
Sienaert said key fiscal reforms such as the removal of the petrol subsidy and the adoption of a market-reflective exchange rate had helped improve the government’s fiscal position, but further reforms were needed.
“There’s still a range of fiscal policy and fiscal management issues where more can be done to safeguard the gains that have already been achieved… just to name, there is still one kind of wasteful regressive subsidy, which is the electricity subsidy. So work to address that,” he said.
He also advocated for improved oil revenue transparency and a reduction in the cost of governance, saying efforts to increase non-oil revenue must continue.
Sienaert noted that although the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited began applying official exchange rates for fiscal transactions in October 2023, only half of the revenue gains from the subsidy removal had been remitted to the Federation Account by January 2025.
“It’s just going to be important in the coming months to keep tracking this, and ultimately that the full revenue gains from the difficult job of eliminating the subsidy do flow to the Federation so that that can support a continued healthy fiscal picture and, in turn, spending on development priorities,” he said.
On inflation, the World Bank economist said monetary policy reforms had helped reduce inflationary pressures but noted that consumer prices remained high.
“We do need to acknowledge that price pressures remain elevated,” he said. “The battle against inflation continues, and to extend the military analogy a little bit, there’s a kind of fog of war… quite dense just at the moment.”
He added that recent changes to the Consumer Price Index by the National Bureau of Statistics had made it difficult to determine the current trend in inflation, noting, however, that continued coordination between fiscal and monetary authorities would be critical to restoring confidence.
The World Bank further urged the government to ramp up implementation of its targeted cash transfer programme aimed at cushioning the cost of reforms on poor households. The programme currently offers N25,000 monthly for three months to 15 million recipients.
“The implementation has just been quite slow. So only about a third of those recipients have received transfers so far. The good news is that this is being scaled up… and just important that that effort really continues so that as many people as possible get help,” Sienaert said.
Looking ahead, he called for a new growth strategy based on a “private-led, public-facilitated” model.
The World Bank also stressed the need to reduce costs of governance, including cutting “wasteful expenditures that are not essential, such as purchase of vehicles, external training, etc.” and reducing “the cost of collection of GOEs (FIRS, NCS, NMDPRA, NUPRC, etc.).”
He emphasised the need for increased investment in education and health, noting that Nigeria’s combined spending in these sectors remained among the lowest globally.
“In 2022, Nigeria was only spending 1.2 per cent of GDP on education and 1.8 per cent on health, or $23 per Nigerian per year on education, $15 per Nigerian per year on health,” he said.
He said private sector growth must also be supported by improving the competitive landscape and reviewing trade policies that restrict access to essential production inputs.
“Competition is like the sort of secret sauce that drives innovation and economic transformation. And in Nigeria, there’s some evidence… that actually there are elements of competition policy, and there are conditions that are needed for good competition that actually even compared to some of Nigeria’s immediate peers… the Nigerian competitive landscape lags some of those,” he said.
The Bank believes that following through with these reforms will position Nigeria to achieve its goal of becoming a $1tn economy by 2030.
The Naira depreciated to N1,600 per dollar in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NFEM) today after three months of being on the N1,500 per dollar threshold.
Data published by the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, showed that the indicative exchange rate for the naira rose to N1,600 per dollar from N1,569 per dollar on Thursday, indicating N31 depreciation for the naira.
Likewise, the naira depreciated to N1,565 per dollar in the parallel market from N1,555 per dollar on Thursday.
Consequently, the margin between the parallel market and NFEM rate widened to N35 per dollar from N14 per dollar on Thursday.
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